Right Stuff

New Capitalists inspired by sanctity of labor

By Gregory J. Millman

A CENTURY AGO, the pragmatic philosopher and psychologist William James described a “work sickness” characterized by nervous tics, breathlessness, and tension. He attributed this to the fact that work had lost its spiritual meaning.

Today, commentators speak of workplace stress. And while some business people are still looking for a magic cure, others are rediscovering the ancient Christian tradition of work in the spirit of faith and trying to build a New Capitalism inspired by the old idea of the sanctity of labor.

Consider these examples:

An 11-foot-high white marble sculpture of Jesus washing the feet of Peter marks the entrance to the ServiceMaster Corp. in Downers Grove, Ill. A conglomerate whose stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange, ServiceMaster has over $5 billion in annual sales. Yet the company’s mission statement lists service to God as its first objective.

In the Basque country of Spain, a small cooperative founded in the mid-1950s by a Catholic priest to make paraffin lamps now ranks as Spain’s 11th largest industrial group, with sales of over $11 billion. Its name is Mondragon, and it exemplifies the practicality of the Christian ideals of solidarity and the primacy of labor over capital. Workers vote to elect the company’s Governing Council, which appoints the executive team. For years, the top salary was no more than triple the pay of the lowest-paid worker.

On the small-business front, North Carolina auto dealer Don Flow decided to look at his business in terms of the teachings of Thomas Aquinas. What he found scared him–unrealistic sticker prices, games played with trade-in allowances, and dealers exploiting their information advantage. Flow decided the system was immoral and set out to change it in his own dealership. He devised a special training package that translated the Book of Proverbs into the language of the automobile showroom and put all his sales people on salary to remove any incentive to take advantage of customers.

Flow admits that the most he can hope for is to build an honest business in a notoriously dishonest industry. Interestingly, Flow’s competitors are beginning to imitate him.

The old-fashioned Protestant Ethic saw riches as a blessing that set those predestined for heaven apart from the riffraff on earth. The New Capitalist model sees wealth as something to be shared with the workers who help produce it–arguably a view more consistent with the Gospel.

In fact, these pioneers in the revival of the Christian tradition of work and prayer are fond of pointing out that salvation history began with work. The book of Genesis presents Adam and Eve in a garden, working, well before they fell from grace. For the earliest Christians, work was so important a part of spiritual life that both Scripture and tradition remark on Jesus as a carpenter’s son, Peter and the Zebedees fishermen, and so forth.

St. Anthony, founder of Western monasticism, insisted on labor as an integral part of the spiritual life, and later St. Benedict confirmed the insight, writing, “Only when they live by the work of their hands are they truly monks.”

Monks living by that rule advanced agriculture and husbandry, founded trade fairs, built highways, pioneered river transport.

IN THE EARLY YEARS of the 20th century, German sociologist Max Weber coined the phrase “Protestant Ethic,” which included, as a fundamental, the idea of “calling” to a life work or occupation. But capitalism lost its soul in the Industrial Revolution. Many of the great 19th-century robber barons were good, church-going men who literally killed employees in order to make the piles of money with which they piously endowed seminaries and colleges. Clergy who graduate from these centers of learning attend to “things of the spirit,” a category that does not include business.

Meanwhile, eccentric groups like the Christian Businessman’s Study Committee and the Fellowship of Companies for Christ International are filling the void with conferences, study materials, and support groups. Vancouver’s tiny Regent College offers a seminary program tailored specifically to the needs of lay people in business, emphasizing the dignity of workers, the sense of daily work as a sacred calling and business management as a ministry.

Within the Catholic Church, the past several decades have seen a proliferation of “lay movements.” Chiara Lubich, the founder of Focolare, has been promoting with some success in Latin America an “economy of sharing.”

The movement Opus Dei, whose very raison d’être is the “sanctification of work,” offers an intensely personal, almost monastic program of spiritual formation to its lay members.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, revival frenzies swept America and left enduring marks on politics and society.

Many believe America is in the midst of its third such “Great Awakening,” and while battles over evolution, abortion, and sexual freedom claim the headlines, its most enduring legacy is likely to be a transformation of the way we work.

Gregory J. Millman is the author of The Vandals’ Crown–How Rebel Currency Traders Overthrew the World’s Central Banks (Free Press, 1995), which was translated into nine languages and became a Business Week bestseller. He is now at work on a book about faith and work.

From the September 23-29, 1999 issue of the Sonoma County Independent.

© Metro Publishing Inc.

No Kiddin’

Someone to watch over them: One in 20 Sonoma County children soon will be unable to find suitable child care–a situation that family advocates say is reaching critical mass. Already there are 36,000 latchkey children ages 5 to 12 in the county.

Facing up to the child-care crisis

By Yosha Bourgea

LAWRENCE WANDERS through the small, crowded play area, picking up a toy that rings like a telephone. A high, wordless yelp comes from his mouth, as if in response. He is constantly in motion, his eyes glancing over the toys and books around him, an artless, toothy grin on his 8-year-old face.

Every so often he looks over the low wall at the rows of grown-ups, seated at a press conference called by Family Action of Sonoma County to discuss a predicted shortfall in child-care services in the county.

Diane Giampaoli, his mother, sits behind a table, talking about him to reporters. “It’s difficult to get consistent day care,” Giampaoli says. “Someone will say they can work with him, and then they meet him, and next week suddenly they can’t do it.”

Lawrence–who goes by the nickname “Lolo”–is autistic, and that makes the problem of finding child care for him especially hard. His mother has tried day-care centers, but none will accept him.

She understands why: her son’s behavior requires special supervision, which most facilities are not prepared to provide.

But understanding the problem doesn’t make it easier to solve.

“Day care for special-needs kids in Sonoma County does not exist,” Giampaoli says flatly.

Indeed, a newly released report shows that special-needs children aren’t the only ones coming up short. The crisis has been growing for years, quietly, out of the sensation-hungry eye of the news media. Hurricanes and shooting sprees are more exciting than the predicament of how to care for children. The new report, “Child Care: A Quiet Crisis in Sonoma County,” shows that the crisis affects everyone, from businesses whose employees are distracted at work, wondering about the safety of their kids, to the 150,000 children who make up a third of the county’s population.

The figures released last week by the Sonoma County Child Care Planning Council and Family Action are alarming. By this time next year, according to a recent report, it’s anticipated that close to 7,500 local children who are in need of full- or part-time care will be unable to find it.

That’s one in 20.

The council’s two-year study is part of a state-mandated review that will be presented to local policymakers throughout the county. On Tuesday, Sept. 21, the agency will deliver its finding to the Board of Supervisors.

“We can’t dodge this issue any longer,” says Suzanne Shupe, director of Family Action of Sonoma County. “We need to address the problem as a community.”

The demand for child care has grown steadily since World War II, when the two-parent, one-breadwinner family model began to decline. Today, only a third of the two-parent families in Sonoma County can afford to leave a parent at home during the day. And single parents, who make up 23 percent of all families in the county, don’t have a choice.

Finding someone to watch their children, let alone take care of them, can be a week-to-week struggle.

Toddlers and infants are especially at risk. A report released last year by the Little Hoover Commission shows that brain development occurs primarily before age 3, and suggests that children who spend their earliest years in a safe and stimulating environment are more likely to grow up to be intelligent, well-adjusted adults.

But the report also shows that 40 percent of infant and toddler care in the country takes place in settings that are unsafe or unhealthy.

“The earlier you can intervene, the less expensive it is to solve a problem,” says Petaluma City Council-member Jane Hamilton. “If you can help a child when they’re 3, then when they’re 15, they won’t tend to be in Juvenile Hall costing taxpayers thousands of dollars.”

Nurturing: Santa Rosa child-care worker LaMona Holt and friends.

ROSE WAYMAN began running a small day care out of her home in 1985, when she was pregnant with her second child. Last month, she got approval from the Santa Rosa Planning Commission to expand her facility from six children to 12. “I’ve always had a waiting list,” Wayman says. “That’s why I expanded. We have a baby starting next week who was on the list before her mom got pregnant.”

Joan (her last name is withheld upon request) has eight clients on the waiting list for her Santa Rosa day care. “We’re booked till next summer,” she says.

Like Wayman, Joan has expanded to meet the growing demand from the community, although she doesn’t advertise. Most of the children in her care belong to friends, and they provide all the business she can handle.

Unfortunately, the demand for child care rarely translates into higher wages for the people providing it, some of whom face stiff resistance from neighbors who argue against day-care businesses in residential areas. An offshoot of the crisis is the shortage of qualified staff in state-licensed child-care facilities, where many employees work for close to minimum wage.

Kenneth Jaffe, executive director of the International Child Resource Institute, says that people who have had years of higher education often find they can’t afford to work in the field.

Many families rely on the public school system as a form of day care. But for parents who work later hours, a school day isn’t long enough. It’s estimated that almost one third of school-age children in the county need after-school care to cover their parents’ working and commuting hours. United Way estimated recently that there are more than 36,000 “latchkey” children ages 5 to 12 in Sonoma County.

Some schools have opened their classrooms to after-hours care providers, but Jaffe guesses that less than half of schools in the county participate in such partnerships. It’s not for lack of trying, he says–the problem is lack of space. The reduction of class size in recent years means that fewer rooms are available, and when space is limited, extracurricular programs are the first to go.

IN THE FACE of the crisis, community organizations are banding together to spread the word and work on solutions. Some school-age children in the Santa Rosa School District are taking advantage of Safe Havens for Youth, a free, federally funded after-school pilot program sponsored by United Way. If it remains successful, Safe Havens could be a model for similar programs throughout the county.

Significant headway already has been made through a new program, SonomaWORKS, which provides federal child-care subsidies for families moving off welfare. Subsidized child care helped close to 1,000 children in Sonoma County last year, but demand still far exceeds the supply. At River Child Care Services and the Community Child Care Council, two local resource and referral agencies, more than 2,000 families are now on the waiting list for subsidies. And low-income working families, who are not even eligible, are the hardest hit of all. Child-care costs can consume up to 25 percent of a family’s budget–and when housing and food expenses compete for dollars, something important has to give.

But financially strapped parents have at least one political ally in Rep. Lynn Woolsey, D-Petaluma, herself a former welfare mother, who recently introduced legislation to increase the availability of child care for children whose parents work non-traditional hours or shifts.

“We’re spending all this money on a missile defense system,” says Woolsey. “You’d think we could spare some for the most important thing–our children.”

From the September 16-23, 1999 issue of the Sonoma County Independent.

© Metro Publishing Inc.