Belief in Santa Claus, like many an American’s belief in functional democracy and fair elections, almost never lasts forever. And yet, given differences in culture, religion and individual parenting choices, not every kid in the country grows up believing in the magical man with the flying reindeer.

But it’s safe to say that a large number of children do. And for the vast majority of them, there comes a time when their faith in Santa either gently fades as their cognitive awareness and critical thinking expands, is yanked away rudely by some bubble-popping sibling or playground pal or is traumatically shattered by the sudden realization that they’ve been lied to.

Personally, as someone who stopped believing at the age of 4 (my parents were egregiously sloppy with Santa-details, wrapping paper and Christmas-morning protocols), I’ve long been interested in when and how different children reach the end of their faith in Kris Kringle’s existence. I’ve spent years collecting stories of people’s own moments of Santa Truth Awareness. As a journalist, I frequently have the opportunity to toss in the question, “How old were you when you stopped believing in Santa Claus?”

Here are three of my favorite Santa Truth stories from the last several months:

Author, comic and television host W. Kamau Bell told me during a moment at the 2018 Wine Country Spoken Word Festival that he never technically believed in Santa.

“My mom didn’t encourage me to grow up believing in Santa Claus,” Bell said. “I knew there was this thing out there, but I never connected that person to someone bringing me toys. So, my first memory of that specific version of Santa Claus was at a school event where they were taking kids to see Santa Claus. And I remember very specifically all the kids going in a room to meet Santa Claus, and me being led to … another room.”

Bell’s mother had sent a note, instructing her son to be excused from all Santa-related activities, including being forced to sit on a bearded-stranger’s lap.

“Part of that was, she remembered how painful it was, for her, when she found out there was no Santa Claus,” Bell said. “It was like, for my mom, that was the moment childhood left her. And she was like, ‘I don’t want to do that to my own kid.’ But she never explained any of that to me.

“We just didn’t ever talk about Santa Claus in my house. So that day, when I was sent to this one room and all the other kids went to see this guy in red with a big beard, I was sort of confused about the whole thing. I was thinking, ‘Why are they going in that room to talk to that guy, and I’m in here by myself with the teacher?'”

He estimates he was between 6 and 8 years old at the time.

Megan Westberg, the editor of Strings Magazine, estimated she was around 9 or 10.

“Oh, I definitely remember when I stopped believing—I walked up to my mom, who was sitting there doing something, and I said, ‘You know Mom, a lot of kids do not believe in Santa Claus anymore, but I do, because you wouldn’t lie to me … right?'” Westberg said. “I know, I’m the worst. And she turned around and said, ‘Oh boy. Megan, I’m sorry to tell you, but no, there is no Santa Claus.’ And apparently what I said was, ‘Well, I guess that’s bad news for the Tooth Fairy.'”

Actor Denis O’Hare, probably best known as the vampire king Russell Edgington on HBO’s True Blood, was fuzzier on how he came to stop believing.

“But I did grow up believing in Santa Claus,” he acknowledged, during a post-show reception following a Mill Valley Film Festival screening of his film The Parting Glass. Directed by Stephen Moyer and featuring Anna Paquin (both of whom appeared in True Blood), the film was written by and stars O’Hare, who based the screenplay on his family’s story of dealing with the suicide of their youngest sister.

“I remember being 5 years old, with my brother in the bunk bed,” he said. “Every year, on Christmas Eve, I climbed up into his bunk bed so I could look out at the roof and hopefully see the reindeer landing. I remember waiting and waiting—I’d always fall asleep before they landed. And then people would say, ‘Oh, you missed it!'”

Though he didn’t remember the moment he stopped believing, he recalled that his younger sister continued believing for some time. “We all colluded to keep her believing as long as we could, as a family unit.”

“My son is seven,” O’Hare said. “He asked me point blank, about five months ago … ‘Is Santa Claus real? Just tell me the truth.’ And I said, ‘No, he’s not real.’ He said, ‘Okay,’ but then, about two weeks ago, he was suddenly kind of like, ‘So, will Santa still bring me a gift if I want?’ So I’m not sure what he’s doing, if he’s still wanting to play the game, or he’s re-believing, or what.

“My older sister—Pam, in this movie—we’re planning to all meet up in Florida for Christmas this year, and she just asked me, ‘Is your son coming? Great, should we put cookies out for Santa and everything?’ I said, ‘Yes, go ahead’ … but at this point, I really don’t know what he believes. I guess we’ll all just play it by ear and let him decide when he’s ready to stop.”

Back to W. Kamau Bell, he went on to say that though he never believed, his own kids do.

“My wife grew up believing in Santa Claus, and she believes that kids should have that magic in their life,” he said. “There are some decisions in married life where you just say, ‘You know what? I’m going to stand over here and stay out of this one.’

“The joke in my house is that I’ll go, ‘So, you told Santa Claus what you want for Christmas yet? Did you tell Birthday Claus what you want for your birthday?’ And they’re all, ‘Oh, there’s no Birthday Claus!’ So we have fun with it, but I don’t know exactly where it all sits with my 7-year-old’s head right now. She’s beginning to understand, and sometimes she’ll ask, ‘Is there really a Santa Claus?’ And I have to be like, ‘Uhhhhhhh … talk to your mom.’

“But sometimes when I look into my kids’ faces, I sort of wonder what I missed out on,” he continued. “My daughter went and met Santa Claus once, and she was so blown away and filled with this kind of ‘Oh my God’ sense of wonder and amazement, I have to admit I had a little bit of envy that she gets to feel something I never got to feel. But hey, I don’t blame my mom at all—Santa or no Santa, I think she did a good job.”

At the start of the new year, a mass of new state housing laws will kick in. Whether you rent or own in the North Bay, here are some of the new rules you should know about.

Rent Control Lite

Assembly Bill 1482, formally known as the Tenant Protection Act of 2019, includes an annual rent cap and various tenant protections. It was passed in October as a compromise between renters and landlords after several years of increasingly high profile political skirmishes between the groups across the state.

Ultimately, no one seems perfectly happy with AB 1482. Tenants’ advocates say it’s too weak and landlords tend to cringe at any restrictions of their profits. The bill goes into effect on Jan. 1, 2020 and lasts through Jan. 1, 2030.

Notably, the bill’s author, San Francisco Assemblymember David Chiu, calls the new limit a rent cap, not rent control.

AB 1482 does cover more properties than were previously affected—i.e. almost no properties in parts of the state without local rent control laws—but there are still some sizable holes in this bill.

Here are some, but not all, of the people who are not covered by AB 1482:

Homes built in the past 15 years, determined on a rolling basis, including accessory dwelling units, also known as granny units.

A duplex in which the owner occupies one of the units from the start of the rental agreement.

Condos and single-family homes, unless they are owned by a corporation, a shell company owned by a corporation or a real estate investment trust.

If you are covered, the law sets an annual limit on rent increases at 5 percent plus the increase in the cost of living or 10 percent, whichever number is lower.

Between April 2018 and April 2019, the cost of living rose by 3.3 percent across the state, according to the California Department of Industrial Relations.

That means a landlord covered by the law could increase rent by 8.3 percent this year on unit covered by the new law.

AB 1482 also extends “just cause” eviction protections to tenants covered by the bill.

A landlord can now only legally evict a tenant for the following reasons: falling behind on rent, breaching the terms of the lease and committing a criminal act on the property.

Note: This is by no means a comprehensive guide to the new law. Do your own research on the new rules for renters and landlords or contact a local advocacy organization if you have further questions.

Bay Area Central Finance Authority

Another bill by Assemblymember Chiu, AB 1487, the San Francisco Bay Area Regional Housing Finance Act, creates a regional funding organization to back housing production and related programs throughout the nine-county Bay Area.

The bill empowers two existing regional bodies—the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) and the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG)—to put forward ballot initiatives to raise funds for housing and transportation projects.

In the past, that work has been done regionally, leading to differing patterns of development and land use across the Bay Area.

At its core, this is the latest skirmish in the Bay Area’s war over “local control” of housing policy decisions.

AB 1487 and several other bills passed in 2019 came out of recommendations floated as part of the MTC-led CASA Compact, a bundle of legislative suggestions written by a committee of lawmakers, developers and nonprofit representatives from around the Bay Area.

The final CASA Compact, which includes suggested tenant protections, land-use changes and the Bay Area regional funding mechanism, was endorsed by the CASA committee in January 2019.

However, Marin County’s representatives on ABAG—Supervisor Dennis Rodoni and Novato Councilwoman Pat Eklund—and the MTC Supervisor Damon Connolly, all voted against the compact when it came before their boards. All three cited concerns about the erosion of local control, according to coverage in the Marin Independent Journal.

Since then, many of the suggestions have been passed by state lawmakers as separate pieces of legislation.

Under AB 1487, the Bay Area Housing Finance Authority, which will be governed by the MTC’s existing governing board, will be able to place regional housing bonds on the ballot and then disperse the funds throughout the nine-county Bay Area.

“A regional approach is crucial to tackling our housing crisis in the Bay Area. Our challenges are inextricably linked across our region, and we need to tackle them together,” Chiu told the San Mateo Daily Journal in September.

Expect debates over “local control” to continue as they have before.

Miscellaneous

In an effort to increase housing stock across the state, politicians penned numerous new laws intended to boost housing production and protect vulnerable tenants throughout the state. We’ll just cover a few here.

The Housing Crisis Act of 2019 (SB 330): Written by State Senator Nancy Skinner, this law would make local governments green light certain housing developments if they meet criteria laid out in the bill. It also caps the number of public meetings about an individual proposal at a total of five.

Source of Income Protection (SB 329): This bill bars landlords from choosing not to rent to prospective tenants solely because they use Housing Choice Vouchers, the government benefits for low-income renters.

Easier ADUs (AB 68 and 69): These two bills, written by Assemblymember Phil Ting, alter the rules around the size of and locations where Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) can be built. These small, separated units, sometimes known as granny units, are thought to be a way suburban regions can increase housing density and affordability without building upwards.